Characteristics	Totalarian	Authoritarian	Democracy
Role of Citizen	Compulsory mass participation. Explicit enthusiasm.	Passive obedience. Social deference.	Voluntary and individual participation. Conditional loyalty.
Official Doctrine	Allegiance is ideological. No secret dissent. Inner reservation is punished.	Only open dissent is punished. Allegiance is considered religious duty.	Allegiance demanded but on utilitarian, secular grounds
Typical Social Structure	Egalitarian in aspiration	Class-structure highly stratified	Large middle class or bourgeoisie
Elite Group	In theory - meritocracy, based on perfect social mobility	Exclusive and self-perpetuating	Stable politicly enjoying high social prestige
Institution of Government	Single party	Palace or Court	Legislature: Congress or Parliament
Economy	Planned	Agrarian	Capitalist - Market. Mixed-economy.
Property	No private property	Mark of status	Mark of worthiness
Attitude Toward Information	Mass-communications controlled by state	Rumor, gossip, and presidential proclamations	Free press: TV, radio, and newspapers
Attitude Toward Politics	Opposition is subversive	Secrecy of palace or court	Politics are tolerated
Attitude Toward Knowledge	Ideological, censorship, and propoganda	Reason of state. Mystery of power.	Truth open to public questioning. Fragmented and relative.