Potential Exam Questions for Crop Science II

Warning: The following questions may be poorly worded and subjective. Exam questions will be worded differently. Exams may also contain questions not listed here.

1. What is a Pistil? A Stamen?
2. Draw and label the parts of an idealized Dicot pistil and a stamen.
3. Describe or draw an idealized Monocot Pistil.
4. What is an inflorescence?
5. What is a "perfect" flower? (2 things!)
6. Name 2 types of plants with "imperfect" flowers
7. What are the 2 more common pollination systems?
1. How are they different?
8. List 3 ways plants can be naturally cross-pollinated.



9. In botanical terms, what is a fruit?
10. What are the 2 primary components of a fruit?
11. What is a seed?
12. What is the difference between a Dehiscent and Indehiscent fruit?
    1. Name one common crop for each
13. Name 3 ways that fruits are naturally dispersed.
14. In botanical terms, what is the pod of a pea?
15. Name the 3(4) parts of a dicot seed that correspond to the root, stem and leaves of a plant.
16. Where is the primary energy storage of a dicot? A monocot?
17. Which three environmental factors have the most affect on seed germination?
18. Are viable seeds dead? Explain.
19. Name 3 ways in which dormancy might be broken. (All leading to water absorption)
20. How long do hybrid seeds remain viable compared to 'natural' seed? 



21.  According to Darwin,
1. what are the 2 prerequisites for evolution?
2. What is the force behind evolution?
22. Outline the 4 principles of Natural Selection
23. Explain Lysenkoism
24. Explain the concept of Social Darwinism
25. What is the modern basis for evolutionary theory?
26. Define Speciation
27. Name 4 ways by which speciation might occur
    
    
28. What is an advantage of Sexual Reproduction over Asexual Reproduction?
29. Define Genotype
30. Define Phenotype
31. What are Homologous chromosomes?
32. Define Allele
33. What is the difference between a somatic cell and a gametic cell?
34. Illustrate a simplified life cycle of a diploid plant and indicate which stages are Diploid and which are Haploid



35. Where exactly in the plant does Meiosis occur?
36. Indicate what happens to the ploidy level of a cell during Meiosis I and Meiosis II
37. In which stages does Meiosis differ from Mitosis?
38. What is "crossing-over"?
39. Why is Anaphase I different than Anaphase of Mitosis?



40. Define Megasporogenesis. What is the final result of this process?
41. Define  Microsporogenesis. What is the final result of this process?
42. What is the difference between Pollination and Fertilization?
43. Describe the steps of pollination
44. What is Double Fertilization?
Describe it.


45. What is Genetics?
46. Define Crossing.
47. What is a Monohybrid cross? and a DiHybrid cross?
48. What is a Backcross?
49. Define the concept of Linkage
50. What is an F1 generation?
51. Define "Heterozygous gene" and "Homozygous gene"
52. What is the difference between the phenotypic conditions involving genes which show dominance and those that show co-dominance?
53. Should be able to use a Punnett Square to illustrate a Monohybrid cross if provided with parent genotypes.
    1. Indicate the potential genotypic ratios and phenotypic ratios when there is dominance.
    2. Indicate the potential genotypic ratios and phenotypic ratios when there is co-dominance
54. Should be able to use a Punnett Square to illustrate a DiHybrid cross
if provided with parent genotypes.


55. Name 3 traditional techniques for vegetative reproduction.
56. What part of the plant is usually used for cuttings?
57. Describe the usual process used in traditional plant breeding.
58. What is meant by "Totipotency"?
59. Which cells of a plant are used for Tissue Culture?
60. What is the main advantage to using Tissue Culture?
61. Why are Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA being used for Plant Improvement?
    1. Name one example of successful genetic engineering.
62. Name any 2 Genetic Engineering/Recombinant DNA techniques.